Geography and Location

Tunisia is the northernmost country in Africa, situated on the Mediterranean coast. It shares borders with Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast. The country’s geography ranges from the Mediterranean coastline to the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara Desert, giving it diverse landscapes and climates.

History

Tunisia’s history is rich and varied, influenced by numerous civilizations:

1. Ancient Tunisia: Tunisia was home to the ancient city of Carthage, founded by the Phoenicians in the 9th century BC. Carthage became a major power in the Mediterranean until its destruction by Rome in the Third Punic War in 146 BC.
2. Roman and Byzantine Periods: After the fall of Carthage, Tunisia became part of the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire, leaving behind significant archaeological sites such as Dougga and El Jem.
3. Islamic Conquest: In the 7th century, Arab Muslim armies conquered Tunisia, integrating it into the Islamic world. The region flourished under the Aghlabid and later the Fatimid dynasties.
4. Ottoman Era: Tunisia became a province of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, although it enjoyed a high degree of autonomy under the local Beys.
5. French Protectorate: In 1881, Tunisia was established as a French protectorate. This period saw significant economic and infrastructural development but also the rise of nationalist movements.
6. Independence and Modern Era: Tunisia gained independence from France in 1956. Habib Bourguiba became the first president, initiating a series of modernizing reforms. In 2011, Tunisia was the birthplace of the Arab Spring, leading to the ousting of long-time president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the establishment of a democratic political system.